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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JPSIM</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine</journal-title>
        <abbrev-title>J Pak Soc Intern Med</abbrev-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">2709-8729</issn>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2710-0804</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.70302/jpsim.v3i1.2208</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jpsim.v3i1.2208</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Research</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Impact of Covid-19 on Training of House Officers and Post-Graduate Residents During 3rd &amp; 4th Wave of Covid-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Care Hospital</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Khan</surname>
            <given-names>Ali Asad</given-names>
          </name>
          <email>asad.kemcolian@yahoo.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ali</surname>
            <given-names>Anam</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sulehria</surname>
            <given-names>Sohail Bashir</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Yousaf</surname>
            <given-names>Muhammad Kamran</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Qayyum</surname>
            <given-names>Sadiq</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>AbaidUllah</surname>
            <given-names>Sajid</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <institution>King Edward Medical University</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <institution>University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <institution>Akhtar Saeed Trust Hospital, Lahore</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor1">*Correspondence: Ali Asad Khan (asad.kemcolian@yahoo.com)</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2022-03-15">
        <day>15</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>3</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>41</fpage>
      <lpage>44</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-11-07">
          <day>07</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-01-13">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2022 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2022</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>The Author(s)</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://psimj.com/article/jpsim.v3i1.2208" content-type="text/html"/>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://psimj.com/download/file?id=128" content-type="application/pdf"/>
      <abstract>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective</title>
          <p>To study the impact of covid-19 on training of house officers and post-graduate residents during 3rd &amp; 4th</p>
          <p>wave of covid-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methodology</title>
          <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 82 participants. Participants included post-graduate</p>
          <p>residents and house officers working in tertiary care hospitals during the 3rd and 4th wave of Covid-19 pandemic. The</p>
          <p>participants were interviewed through a preset questionnaire and the responses were recorded for all the categories. The</p>
          <p>data was analysed using SPSS version 22.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p>Out of 82 participants, 34.1% of the house officers (n = 50) and post-graduate residents (n = 32) reported one face</p>
          <p>to face class per week with lack of online classes by 76.8% of the doctors. Majority of the doctors (63.4%) recorded loss of</p>
          <p>regular face to face training and (67.1%) decrease in teaching sessions in addition to a predominant shift (79.3%) towards</p>
          <p>self-directed learning than supervised. Majority of the doctors in this study reported disruption to rotas (73.2%), increased</p>
          <p>number of on-call duties (62.2%) and increasingly busy shifts (63.4%).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p>The training programs have been impacted by the on-going Covid-19 pandemic due to a lack of traditional</p>
          <p>training and teaching methods in effect. This however, has been replaced by virtual training modules using social media</p>
          <p>platforms bringing more emphasis on self-learning. There is a need of integration of traditional and virtual learning</p>
          <p>methods to combat the forced circumstances during Covid-19 pandemic.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author-keywords">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>COVID-19 pandemic</kwd>
        <kwd>Post-graduate residents</kwd>
        <kwd>House officers</kwd>
        <kwd>Residency training</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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  <back>
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</article>
