JPSIM Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine J Pak Soc Intern Med 2709-8729 2710-0804 Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine 10.70302/jpsim.v3i1.2209 jpsim.v3i1.2209 Original Research Duration of the Hypertension and Prevalence of Retinopathy in Hypertensive Patients Khalid Abdul abdulkhalid301@gmail.com * Rafique Rubina Arshad Muhammad Hamdani Mazhar Pirzada Maria Ali Shaukat Hussain Shoukat AJK Medical College, Muzaffarabad *Correspondence: Abdul Khalid (abdulkhalid301@gmail.com) 15 03 2022 2022 3 1 45 48 18 12 2021 26 12 2021 Copyright © 2022 The Author(s) 2022 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective

To determine the prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy and its severity in hypertensive patients in a tertiary

care hospital of Azad Kashmir

 Methodology

This study was conducted in a public sector teaching hospital of AJK-Medical College between March 2019

and Feb 2020. Adult patients above the age of 18 years, with the diagnosis of hypertension were included in the study from

out-patient and in-patient departments. A standard Performa was used to collect the demographic information, medical

history and physical examination of patients. The age, sex, residential area, marital status, education, profession,

presenting complaints, smoking and other addictions, functional status and physical activity were recorded. The

measurement of Blood Pressure (BP) was performed with mercury sphygmomanometer and retinal examination was

performed in a relatively dark room with ophthalmoscope.

 Results

Atotal of 100, hypertensive patients were enrolled in the study between the ages of 27 to 96 years. The mean age

of the participants was 57 year. 55% patients were male while 45% patients were females. 23% had good control of

hypertension while 77% had poor control.7% participants were monitoring their BPon daily basis, 32% weely,39% once

in month while 22% never had any schedule of monitoring their Blood Pressure. The family history of hypertension was

present in 61%. Overall, 85% of the participants had retinopathy. 44% had grade-I retinopathy, 40% grade-II, 4% gradeIII and 2% had grade-IVretinal changes.

 Conclusion

Hypertensive retinopathy is common in middle age and elderly hypertensive patients.

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