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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JPSIM</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine</journal-title>
        <abbrev-title>J Pak Soc Intern Med</abbrev-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">2709-8729</issn>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2710-0804</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.70302/jpsim.v3i3.2242</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jpsim.v3i3.2242</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Research</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>COVID-19 and Thyroid Illness</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Latif</surname>
            <given-names>Hina</given-names>
          </name>
          <email>hinalatif2011@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Iqbal</surname>
            <given-names>Adil</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Farooq</surname>
            <given-names>Nasir</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rathore</surname>
            <given-names>Rabia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <institution>Department of Medicine, KEMU, Lahore</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor1">*Correspondence: Hina Latif (hinalatif2011@gmail.com)</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2022-09-12">
        <day>12</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>3</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>216</fpage>
      <lpage>219</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-04-09">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-07-04">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2022 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2022</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>The Author(s)</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://psimj.com/article/jpsim.v3i3.2242" content-type="text/html"/>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://psimj.com/article/jpsim.v3i3.2242.pdf" content-type="application/pdf"/>
      <abstract>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective</title>
          <p>We present a case series of three cases of thyroid dysfunction such as Hashimoto thyroiditis, Graves’ disease and sub acute thyroiditis presenting in few weeks after resolution of acute phase of COVID -19 infection in patients with no prior thyroid disease. Physicians should be acquainted with possible relationship of COVID-19 and thyroid dysfunction.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methodology</title>
          <p>We discuss clinical manifestation, diagnostic evaluation and ensuing management and follow-up in each patient having thyroid dysfunction after getting positive for covid-19.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p>The temporal relationship highlights the association of different forms of thyroid dysfunction with COVID-19 calling for further research to clarify the connections and answers to many questions.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author-keywords">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>thyroid dysfunction</kwd>
        <kwd>various non-thyroidal illness syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd>subacute thyroiditis</kwd>
        <kwd>Graves' disease</kwd>
        <kwd>hashimoto thyroiditis</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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  <back>
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</article>
