JPSIM Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine J Pak Soc Intern Med 2709-8729 2710-0804 Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine 10.70302/jpsim.v3i4.2258 jpsim.v3i4.2258 Review Article Basic Foundation of the Research: How to Conduct Research in Medical Sciences Bukhari Mulazim Hussain mulazim.hussain@gmail.com * Principal Azad Jammu Kashmir Medical college, Muzaffarabad *Correspondence: Mulazim Hussain Bukhari (mulazim.hussain@gmail.com) 18 12 2022 2022 3 4 292 294 30 07 2022 28 09 2022 Copyright © 2022 The Author(s) 2022 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The research in medical sciences is conducted to finds out health statistics, like prevalence, magnitude, seriousness, mortality and morbidity which basis for national and local planning for the authorities who are looking after the health system. It supports evidence-based practice and is the heart of medicine on which is based new drug trials, inventions, diagnostic tools, and drugs to evaluate their effectiveness to meet the requirements for bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and postgraduate degrees. This review article will introduce the basic principals and the foundation of the research in medical sciences. It begins with the research question, review of literature, aims, objectives, goals, rationales, hypothesis, statistical methods and ethics. All research depends on measurement. The article will also discuss the basic elements of good measurement, which include operational definition, measurement scales, reliability, and validity. Finally, the chapter reviews populations, sampling populations, and samples.

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