JPSIM Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine J Pak Soc Intern Med 2709-8729 2710-0804 Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine 10.70302/jpsim.v4i1.2308 jpsim.v4i1.2308 Original Research An Association of Salt Intake with Life Style Related Diseases and Customarily Taken Diet in Women of District Bannu: A Cross Sectional Study Khan Zakkia Khan Radhia Khan Samiullah Ahmad Wasim vazim4847@gmail.com * Bannu Medical College Bannu-KP Allied Health Sciences, SHS Peshawar-KP *Correspondence: Wasim Ahmad (vazim4847@gmail.com) 13 02 2023 2023 4 1 35 41 06 11 2022 31 12 2022 Copyright © 2023 The Author(s) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective

To investigate the association of salt intake with lifestyle associated diseases in women of district Bannu as well as foods that are taken habitually in routine life.

 Methodology

This cross sectional regional study was conducted from January 2020 to June 2022 in Khyber Pukhtunkhawah using a baseline survey data of 1500 patients (738 non-conceived and 762 conceived) having an age between 30-40 years and who undergone an annual check-up at a tertiary care hospital of district Bannu-KP. We designed a questionnaire to assess the patient’s wellbeing and life style. Participant’s BMI, height, weight, circumference were measured respectively by standard methods. Blood pressure and routine laboratory examinations were carried out at hospital’s lab. Salt intake was estimated through urinary creatinine and urinary Na+.

 Results

All the study participants were divided into three groups based on their daily salt consumption. The groups were termed as Low, Medium & High salt consumers. We assessed the prevalence of life style related diseases including DM and HTN in an increasing order in groups as High, Medium & Low salt consumption (p≤0.001). In non-conceived group, the maximum daily salt ingestion was recorded as 12.5 to 13.5 g/day and displayed a normal distribution. In conceived group, the maximum salt ingestion was recorded as 11.5 to 12.5g/day. The quantity also showed a normal distribution. Out of 738 male population, 37.94% (n=280) fall in the group with lower salt consumption (≤ 10.4g/day), 41.19% (n=304) in medium salt consumption and remaining 20.86% (n=154) in high salt consumption group (≥ 13.8 g/day). The distribution of female were as: 40.41% (n=308) in low salt consumption group (≤ 9.0g/day), 43.83% (n=334) in medium and remaining 15.74% (n=120) in high salt consumption groups (≤ 12.2 g/day),

 Conclusion

The study examined lifestyle associated diseases linked with excessive salt intake and dietary habits that contributed to lower salt consumption. The prevalence of HTN, higher DM and higher BMI was associated with higher salt consumption in both non-conceived and conceived females. Knowledge of low salt consumption did not play a significant role in salt reduction. We suggest a dietary move to several vegetables intake that could have salt lowering effects.

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