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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JPSIM</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine</journal-title>
        <abbrev-title>J Pak Soc Intern Med</abbrev-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">2709-8729</issn>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2710-0804</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.70302/jpsim.v4i2.2324</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jpsim.v4i2.2324</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Research</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Sleep Quality amongst End Stage Renal Disease Patients on Hemodialysis</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gullali</surname>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Shakireen</surname>
            <given-names>Najmush</given-names>
          </name>
          <email>dr.nwgh@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Arshad</surname>
            <given-names>Abdul Rehman</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <institution>Combined Military Hospital Peshawar</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <institution>Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <institution>Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor1">*Correspondence: Najmush Shakireen (dr.nwgh@gmail.com)</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2023-06-02">
        <day>02</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>116</fpage>
      <lpage>119</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-01-11">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-04-15">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2023 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>The Author(s)</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://psimj.com/article/jpsim.v4i2.2324" content-type="text/html"/>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://psimj.com/article/jpsim.v4i2.2324.pdf" content-type="application/pdf"/>
      <abstract>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective</title>
          <p>To determine the sleep quality in hemodialysis dependent patients.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methodology</title>
          <p>A cross-sectional study on 80 patients was conducted at Dialysis unit of Combined Military Hospital Peshawar from Dec 2021 to January 2022. The PQSI score was calculated by evaluating the previous 1-month sleep behavior of every patient.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p>The mean age of patients was 51.31± 13.11years. 57% of the total participants were male. Mean PSQI score was 12.18 with 77.5% having poor quality of sleep. 68% of patients had comorbid conditions other than end-stage renal disease. Majority of the patients were undergoing hemodialysis for more than two years. None of the variable showed significant effect on quality of sleep in our patients.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p>Poor sleep quality is prevalent among patients with end-stage renal disease. Factors affecting this behavior needs to be addressed in larger studies.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author-keywords">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Hemodialysis</kwd>
        <kwd>end-stage renal disease</kwd>
        <kwd>quality of sleep.</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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  <back>
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</article>
