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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JPSIM</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine</journal-title>
        <abbrev-title>J Pak Soc Intern Med</abbrev-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">2709-8729</issn>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2710-0804</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.70302/jpsim.v4i2.2327</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jpsim.v4i2.2327</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Research</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Frequency of Ulnar Neuropathy, Etiologies and Electro-Diagnostic Correlation with Clinical Severity</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Batool</surname>
            <given-names>Masooma</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Bano</surname>
            <given-names>Safia</given-names>
          </name>
          <email>safiabano207@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Shamim</surname>
            <given-names>Faryal</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Numan</surname>
            <given-names>Ahsan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <institution>King Edward Medical University/ Mayo Hospital Lahore</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor1">*Correspondence: Safia Bano (safiabano207@gmail.com)</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2023-06-02">
        <day>02</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>130</fpage>
      <lpage>134</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-02-14">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-03-08">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2023 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>The Author(s)</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://psimj.com/article/jpsim.v4i2.2327" content-type="text/html"/>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://psimj.com/article/jpsim.v4i2.2327.pdf" content-type="application/pdf"/>
      <abstract>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective</title>
          <p>To determine frequency of ulnar neuropathy, etiology. Electro-diagnostic correlation with clinical severity.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methodology</title>
          <p>This cross-sectional study was conducted in Neurology, King Edward Medical University Lahore. 95 patients, clinically diagnosed with ulnar neuropathy, were included, from July 2022 to Dec 2022. Patients with polyneuropathy, radiculopathy and plexopathy were excluded from study. Nerve conduction studies were performed by conventional methods. Electro-diagnostic findings were noted in predesigned proforma along with history and demographic variables.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p>Out of total 95 patients, 72 patients were male and 23 were females. Most prevalent age group was 15–30 years old (mean age 32.0 + 12.7 years). 86.3% of the cases (64 males and 18 females) were traumatic (52 at the elbow, 26 at forearm, 04 at wrist). Trauma was more than entrapment or any other etiology. Frequent site of injury was elbow (58.9%) of all cases. A moderate positive correlation was noted between EDX and clinical severity. (r = 0.58)</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p>Ulnar neuropathy is commonly seen at elbow after this forearm, wrist with high rate of traumatic nerve injuries. Young population was affected with male predominance. A detail clinical evaluation along with electro-diagnostics is valuable to determine the ulnar neuropathic pattern and its localization. Clinical and electro-diagnostic severity correlation is valuable in predicting prognosis.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author-keywords">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Ulnar neuropathy</kwd>
        <kwd>Electro-diagnostics</kwd>
        <kwd>Intramuscular</kwd>
        <kwd>non-traumatic injury</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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  <back>
    <ref-list>
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</article>
