JPSIM Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine J Pak Soc Intern Med 2709-8729 2710-0804 Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine 10.70302/jpsim.v4i3.2340 jpsim.v4i3.2340 Original Research Prevalence and Associated Factors of Vitamin D Deficiency in T2DMPatients, pPresenting in Outpatient Department of a privateHealthcare Facility of South Punjab, Pakistan Ali Qazi Masroor masroorqazi@outlook.com * Anjum Saba Khan Raheel Imran Ali Shafique Sadaf Masroor Aleena Aleena Hospital, Bahawalpur Shahida Islam Teaching Hospital and Medical College, Lodhran Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan *Correspondence: Qazi Masroor Ali (masroorqazi@outlook.com) 25 09 2023 2023 4 3 201 205 29 05 2023 01 08 2023 Copyright © 2023 The Author(s) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective

To determine the prevalence and associated factors of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

 Methodology

This cross-sectional study was conducted at Outpatient Department of Aleena Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan from 1st January 2023 to 30th June 2023. We analyzed patients of either gender aged above 18 years and diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus for minimum duration of 6 months. At the time of enrollment, demographic and clinical characteristics were noted. VDD was described as serum vitamin D levels below 20 ng/ml, insufficiency between 20-29 ng/ml, whereas sufficiency or normal vitamin D levels were declared > 30 ng/ml.

 Results

In a total of 90 patients, 62 (68.9%) were females. The mean age and BMI were 51.52±10.64 years and 27.51±5.23 kg/m2 respectively. The mean HbA1c was 9.01±1.87. The mean vitamin D levels were 19.07±8.4 ng/ml. VDD was observed in 55 (61.1%) and insufficiency 26 (28.9%), whereas normal levels were found in 9 (10.0%) patients. Relatively younger age (p=0.029), rising duration of diabetes (p=0.026), higher HbA1c (p=0.034) and hypertension were noted to have statistically significant association with VDD.

 Conclusion

Evaluation of vitamin D status in type-2 diabetes mellitus revealed that vast majority of these patients were having inadequate levels of vitamin D. Relatively younger age, duration of diabetes, higher HbA1c and hypertension were having significant association with vitamin D inadequacy.

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