JPSIM Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine J Pak Soc Intern Med 2709-8729 2710-0804 Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine 10.70302/jpsim.v4i3.2345 jpsim.v4i3.2345 Original Research Potential Risk Factors for Breast Carcinoma in Patients Presented in a Tertiary Care Hospital Qamar Muhammad Zain qamarzain79@gmail.com * Fazal Muhammad Ifran Asghar Huria Naseem Maha Qamar Faiza Siddique Muhammad Mayo Hospital Lahore Central Park Hospital Lahore *Correspondence: Muhammad Zain Qamar (qamarzain79@gmail.com) 25 09 2023 2023 4 3 223 227 22 05 2023 26 06 2023 Copyright © 2023 The Author(s) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective

This study intended to investigate the elements that raise the likelihood of breast carcinoma risk in Pakistani females.

 Methodology

This case-control design study included a total of 300 participants, consisting of 165 patients with breast carcinoma and 135 controls who are age-matched, were chosen to take part in the study at Mayo Hospital in Lahore, Pakistan.

 Results

In addition, several risk factors were discovered to be linked to a higher likelihood of developing breast carcinoma in Pakistani females, including an elevated body mass index (BMI) exceeding 25 kg/m2 (OR = 1.57; OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.26-1.90), being unmarried (OR = 2.03; 95% CI, 1.26-2.03), not engaging in breastfeeding, smoking (current or past), insufficient physical activity, and being in the post-menopausal stage were identified as factors associated with the outcome (95% CI, 1.69-2.44). On the other hand, increased parity was found to lower breast carcinoma risk. Furthermore, the study established that the right breast was affected in a higher proportion of cases (58.1%) compared to other breast complications (22.8%).

 Conclusion

In conclusion, this study highlights the various sociodemographic, reproductive, and lifestyle-related factors that are linked to breast carcinoma among females in Pakistan. These findings can aid in the development of preventative measures and awareness campaigns aimed at decreasing the rate of occurrence of breast carcinoma within this particular group.

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