JPSIM Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine J Pak Soc Intern Med 2709-8729 2710-0804 Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine 10.70302/jpsim.v4i3.2347 jpsim.v4i3.2347 Original Research Thyroid Cancer Incidence and Risk Factors in Toxic Nodular Goiter Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital Fazal Muhammad Irfan Qamar Muhammad Zain qamarzain79@gmail.com * Asghar Huria Naseem Maha Hamid Arslan Qamar Faiza Fazal Muhammad Usman Mayo Hospital, Lahore Central Park Hospital,Lahore *Correspondence: Muhammad Zain Qamar (qamarzain79@gmail.com) 25 09 2023 2023 4 3 233 236 27 04 2023 25 06 2023 Copyright © 2023 The Author(s) 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective

In this specific research, patients with toxic nodular goiters were examined to determine the frequency and potential risk factors for malignant thyroid disease.

 Methodology

In this research, 98 patients with toxic nodular goiter, which includes both single toxic nodules (STN) and toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG), were examined. Gender, age, comorbidities, prior neck radiation, family history of thyroid cancer, type of disease, size of the largest nodule as determined by ultrasound, surgery’s duration, and identification of a lymph node during surgery were some of the patient characteristics that the research gathered. The patients were divided into groups with benign and malignant conditions based on the results of the histopathological investigation.

 Results

21 people (21.43%) of the 98 TNG patients had a malignant thyroid disease diagnosis. Both the benign and malignant groups had a comparable age distribution, but males had a significantly higher likelihood of developing cancer. In contrast, TMNG was more prevalent in the malignant group. Medical problems and family histories of cancer were equally prevalent in both groups. No discernible differences between the two groups were found in the operational statistics, including operative time and lymph node detection. Male gender and TMNG appeared to be key indicators of malignancy in regression analysis. These results imply that the danger of malignant thyroid disease in patients with TNG can be anticipated by the male gender and TMNG, two important factors.

 Conclusion

According to the research, malignant thyroid disease was found in 21.43 percent of TNG patients, indicating that thyroid hyperfunction does not offer protection against cancer. Additionally, these patients' MNG levels and being male were major risk factors for malignancy.

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