<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-archivearticle1-3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JPSIM</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine</journal-title>
        <abbrev-title>J Pak Soc Intern Med</abbrev-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">2709-8729</issn>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2710-0804</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.70302/jpsim.v4i4.2363</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jpsim.v4i4.2363</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Research</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Risk Assessment of Pakistani Individual for Diabetes (Rapid) in Gujranwala</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mehmood</surname>
            <given-names>Maqsood</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Shiekh</surname>
            <given-names>Qaisar Mehmood</given-names>
          </name>
          <email>drqaisar07@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ahmed</surname>
            <given-names>Shakeel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tahir</surname>
            <given-names>Azeem</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <institution>Allama Iqbal Trust Hospital Gujranwala</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <institution>Chaudhary Hospital Gujranwala</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <institution>CFM Karachi</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <institution>Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan General Hospital Faisalabab</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor1">*Correspondence: Qaisar Mehmood Shiekh (drqaisar07@gmail.com)</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2023-11-29">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>312</fpage>
      <lpage>316</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-08-09">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-09-20">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2023 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>The Author(s)</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://psimj.com/article/jpsim.v4i4.2363" content-type="text/html"/>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://psimj.com/article/jpsim.v4i4.2363.pdf" content-type="application/pdf"/>
      <abstract>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives</title>
          <p>To access the adequacy of hazard evaluation of Pakistani Person for Diabetes in Gujranwala.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methodology</title>
          <p>This community based observational multi centered study design was conducted on patients with type 2 diabetes aged more than 20 years. In this study purposive sampling method was used with a sample size of 385 participants. Data was collected on RAPID score sheet and was analysed by SPSS version 20.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p>Of the sample of 385 people, 385 participants completed the survey and it was concluded that 70% of the participants did not know that they had a chronic disease.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p>Simple diabetes risk scores can be used to identify groups at high risk for diabetes and allow for timely intervention. Public awareness programs are needed to educate people about healthy lifestyles to reduce the risk of diabetes.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author-keywords">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Unhealthy living</kwd>
        <kwd>awareness</kwd>
        <kwd>chronic</kwd>
        <kwd>physical inactivity</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <!-- <body> omitted: no manuscript (.docx) on file -->
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="ref1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>Ogurtsova K, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Huang Y. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates for the prevalence of diabetes for 2015 and 2040. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017;128(1):40-50.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2010;87(1):4–14.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>World Health Organization (WHO) South/East Asia Diabetes fact sheet. Fact Sheet - NCD (Diabetes), Department of Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments, 2014.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>Narayan KM, Zhang P, Williams D. How should developing countries manage diabetes? CMAJ 2006;175(3):733–6.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>Basit A, Danish Alvi SF, Fawwad A, Ahmad K, Ahmedani MY, Hakeem R. Temporal changes in the prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose and its associated risk factors in the rural area of Baluchistan. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011;94(3):456-62.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>Non/communicable diseases (NCDs) Risk factors survey –Pakistan.[Updated 2016 cited 2023]. Available from: [https://www.dropbox.com/s/j72r5c8ylm49rq3/NON%20Communicable%20Diseases%...]</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>Zafar J, Nadeem D, Khan SA, Abbasi JMM, Aziz F, Saeed S. Prevalence of diabetes and its correlates in urban population of Pakistan: A Cross-sectional survey. J Pak Med Assoc. 2016;66(4):922–7.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation>Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. Population Census. 2017. Available from: [http://www.pbscensus.gov.pk/sites/default/files/Population_Results.pdf]</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>Multiple indicator cluster survey manual. Chapter 4: Designing and selecting the sample. Available from: [mics.unicef.org/files?job.sha=3d97a05358bb0e37].</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation>Fawwad A, Sabir R, Riaz M. Measured versus calculated LDL-cholesterol in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Pak J Med Sci 2016;32(4):955–60.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation>World Health Organization. Good laboratory practice training manual for the trainer: a tool for training and promoting good laboratory practice (GLP) concepts in disease endemic countries - 2 ed, 2008.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation>American Diabetes Association (ADA). Standards of medical care in diabetes-2016. Diabetes Care 2016;39(S1):S1-106.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation>Anjana RM, Deepa M, Pradeepa R. Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in 15 states of India: results from the ICMR-INDIAB population-based cross-sectional study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017;5(3):585–96.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation>Sharma M, Nazareth I, Petersen I. Trends in incidence, prevalence and prescribing in type 2 diabetes mellitus between 2000 and 2013 in primary care: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2016;6(1):e010210.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation>Mainous AG, Tanner RJ, Baker R, Zayas CE, Harle CA. Prevalence of prediabetes in England from 2003 to 2011: population-based, cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2014;4(6):e005002.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation>Basit A, Hydrie MZI, Ahmed K, Hakeem R. impaired fasting glucose and associated risk factors in a rural area of Baluchistan according to new ADA criteria. J Pakistan Med Assoc 2002;52(8):357-60.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
