<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-archivearticle1-3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JPSIM</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine</journal-title>
        <abbrev-title>J Pak Soc Intern Med</abbrev-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">2709-8729</issn>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2710-0804</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.70302/jpsim.v5i2.2433</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jpsim.v5i2.2433</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Research</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Seroprevalence of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Staff of Khyber Medical University, Peshawar</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dur-e-Nayyab</surname>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Nadeem</surname>
            <given-names>Saima</given-names>
          </name>
          <email>samnadeem1979@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Yousafzai</surname>
            <given-names>Yasar Mehmood</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Khan</surname>
            <given-names>Sunia Qasuria</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Zafar</surname>
            <given-names>Quratulain</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Siddiquie</surname>
            <given-names>Mahnoor</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <institution>Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <institution>Khyber Girls Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <institution>Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <institution>Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan,</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <institution>Nowshera Medical College, Nowshera, Pakistan</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <institution>Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor1">*Correspondence: Saima Nadeem (samnadeem1979@gmail.com)</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2024-06-07">
        <day>07</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>516</fpage>
      <lpage>520</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-02-20">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-04-06">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2024 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>The Author(s)</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://psimj.com/article/jpsim.v5i2.2433" content-type="text/html"/>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://psimj.com/article/jpsim.v5i2.2433.pdf" content-type="application/pdf"/>
      <abstract>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective</title>
          <p>The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic emerged as a global health threat. Various studies</p>
          <p>conducted in different healthcare systems/setups indicated that healthcare workers are at increased risk for COVID-19. To</p>
          <p>find out the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in staff members of different institutions of Khyber Medical University,</p>
          <p>Peshawar.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methodology</title>
          <p>This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Khyber medical university Peshawar. The sampling</p>
          <p>was done from February 2021 to March 2021. A total of 352 samples were collected. Data was collected on a preformed</p>
          <p>questionnaire after obtaining written informed consent. 3ml of blood was collected in gel top to determine IgM and IgG</p>
          <p>antibody levels by indirect manual ELISA technique. Data were recorded and analyzed in SPSS version 24.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p>Amongst the staff of KMU, a total of 54.8% cases were reported as asymptomatic, 14.4% as confirmed (with the</p>
          <p>highest IgG seropositivity of 86.2%), 14.4% as suspected, and 16.1% as probable cases of COVID-19. While out of</p>
          <p>confirmed cases of COVID-19, 86.2% with mild, 7.8% with moderate, and 5.8% cases with severe disease were</p>
          <p>documented, respectively. 1.7% of samples were seropositive for IgM antibodies, while 58.2% were found positive for</p>
          <p>IgG antibodies. Amongst the KMU's Faculty, the Administrative Staff group was found to have the highest seropositivity</p>
          <p>of IgG antibodies of about 60.7%.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p>KMU staff was at significant risk of getting in contact with the virus due to the operationalization of the</p>
          <p>university throughout the pandemic as well as the deployment of university staff at the public health reference laboratory</p>
          <p>(PHRL). Follow-up studies are required to assess the longevity of both IgM &amp; IgG antibodies and to explore further the</p>
          <p>kinetics of antibodies</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author-keywords">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Coronavirus diseases-19</kwd>
        <kwd>health care workers</kwd>
        <kwd>serological surveys</kwd>
        <kwd>severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <!-- <body> omitted: no manuscript (.docx) on file -->
  <back/>
</article>
