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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JPSIM</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine</journal-title>
        <abbrev-title>J Pak Soc Intern Med</abbrev-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">2709-8729</issn>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2710-0804</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.70302/jpsim.v6i2.2522</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jpsim.v6i2.2522</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Research</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Comparative Analysis of Breast Self-Examination among Educated Women in Different Age Groups in Local Population</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Saqlain</surname>
            <given-names>Faaiqa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sohail</surname>
            <given-names>Mohammed</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aziz</surname>
            <given-names>Aisha</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Kazi</surname>
            <given-names>Asma</given-names>
          </name>
          <email>docasmakazi@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Riaz</surname>
            <given-names>Muhammad</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Khan</surname>
            <given-names>Murad Ali</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <institution>Rashid Latif Medical College Lahore</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor1">*Correspondence: Asma Kazi (docasmakazi@gmail.com)</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2025-06-05">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>6</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>114</fpage>
      <lpage>118</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-11">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2025-01-07">
          <day>07</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-25">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2025 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>The Author(s)</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://psimj.com/article/jpsim.v6i2.2522" content-type="text/html"/>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://psimj.com/article/jpsim.v6i2.2522.pdf" content-type="application/pdf"/>
      <abstract>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective</title>
          <p>The objective aims to assess the level of awareness regarding breast self-examination practices among females with varying educational backgrounds and age demographics.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methodology</title>
          <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted by circulating Google forms among female groups of varying ages and educational levels. Females &gt;18 and above with diverse education levels were included while uneducated females were excluded. A population of 390 females was considered for this study.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p>Among 390 females under study, 65.76% of females who had an awareness of breast self-examination were in the 20-30 age group, 18.38% in the 30-40 age group, 22.87% in the 40-50 age group, 13.07% in 50-60 age group while 6.12% were above 60 years of age. Females with a higher education level were more aware of BSE, 4.07% had done matriculation, 8.98% had done intermediate, 68.21% had done bachelors and 44.93% had done masters.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p>Data collected showed that younger age groups had more widespread awareness of BSE and a positive relationship was established between education level and awareness of BSE. Greater age groups ranging from middle to old age groups showed having a higher frequency of practising BSE.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author-keywords">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Breast Self-Examination (BSE)</kwd>
        <kwd>CA Breast</kwd>
        <kwd>Age groups</kwd>
        <kwd>Varying education levels</kwd>
        <kwd>Early Diagnosis</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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  <back>
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</article>
