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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JPSIM</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine</journal-title>
        <abbrev-title>J Pak Soc Intern Med</abbrev-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">2709-8729</issn>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2710-0804</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.70302/jpsim.v6i2.2527</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jpsim.v6i2.2527</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Research</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Effects of Fasting on Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Siddiqui</surname>
            <given-names>Ahreema</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Arshad</surname>
            <given-names>Abdul Rehman</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Azeem</surname>
            <given-names>Abdul Rehman</given-names>
          </name>
          <email>darazeem7@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Zahid</surname>
            <given-names>Usama</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aleem</surname>
            <given-names>Maira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <institution>Pak-Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor1">*Correspondence: Abdul Rehman Azeem (darazeem7@gmail.com)</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2025-06-05">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>6</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>141</fpage>
      <lpage>145</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-06">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2025-02-22">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-27">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2025 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>The Author(s)</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://psimj.com/article/jpsim.v6i2.2527" content-type="text/html"/>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://psimj.com/article/jpsim.v6i2.2527.pdf" content-type="application/pdf"/>
      <abstract>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective</title>
          <p>This study aimed at examining the effects of fasting on rate of decline in renal function amongst patients with chronic kidney disease.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methodology</title>
          <p>This observational study included patients with chronic kidney disease, having eGFR</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p>There were 83 patients, predominantly males (71; 85.54%). Median serum creatinine levels were 200 (135- 302) and 220 (153- 429) umol/L at the start and end of study period, corresponding to eGFR of 24.23 (15.55, 38.13) and 19.98 (10.76, 33.72) ml/min/1.73m2 respectively, with a median decline of 2.18 (-1.03, 7.75) ml/min/1.73m2. Mean duration of fasting amongst the 25 (30.12%) patients who fasted was 25.88± 6.05 days. The median decline in eGFR amongst patients who fasted and those who did not was and 5.08 ( -0.59, 9.34) and 2.10 (-1.24, 7.50). This difference was insignificant (p=0.648).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions</title>
          <p>Fasting did not affect the rate of decline in renal function amongst our patients</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author-keywords">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Chronic kidney failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Chronic kidney insufficiency</kwd>
        <kwd>Fasting</kwd>
        <kwd>Hemodialysis</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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  <back>
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  </back>
</article>
