JPSIM Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine J Pak Soc Intern Med 2709-8729 2710-0804 Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine 10.70302/jpsim.v6i3.2543 jpsim.v6i3.2543 Original Research Frequency of Cutaneous Skin Manifestations Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Survey Yousaf Sadaf drsadafyousaf@yahoo.com * Riaz Muhammad Irfan Muhammad Atif Naila Javaid Qurat ul Ain Javed Shiza Ghazal Central Park Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore *Correspondence: Sadaf Yousaf (drsadafyousaf@yahoo.com) 23 08 2025 2025 6 3 233 238 20 02 2025 27 02 2025 14 07 2025 Copyright © 2025 The Author(s) 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective

To identify various types of skin-mediated complications of diabetes mellitus and their frequency of presentations in a tertiary care hospital.

 Methodology

It was a cross-sectional study carried out at Arif Memorial Teaching Hospital, Lahore. During the study, 200 diabetic patients were enrolled. Patients were assessed in detail on the basis of history taking and detailed dermatological examination. Data was analyzed for frequency of different types of skin manifestations and their correlation with diabetic control (as evidenced by HbA1c and BSR charting of patients).

 Results

Out of 200 patients, 122 had poor control as indicated by a high HbA1c of above 7% and 78 patients had a good control of blood sugar as seen by HbA1c value of less than or equal to 7%. Among these patients, 162 patients had infectious cutaneous complications (81%), 67 patients had vascular mediated cutaneous manifestations (33.5%) and 141 patients had mixed vascular and infectious complications (70.4%).

 Conclusion

Study concluded that majority of patients with diabetes mellitus presented with infectious cutaneous complications, followed by, mixed (vascular and infectious) complications and the least common mode of presentation was vascular complications of skin.

 Keywords Frequency skin manifestation diabetes mellitus patients. Ethics Statement

Ethics committee: Institutional Review Board, Rashid Latif Khan University Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan. Approval number: RLKUMC/IRB/0061, dated June 24, 2025.

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