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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JPSIM</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine</journal-title>
        <abbrev-title>J Pak Soc Intern Med</abbrev-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">2709-8729</issn>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2710-0804</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.70302/jpsim.v6i4.2568</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jpsim.v6i4.2568</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Research</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Efficacy of Intrauterine Balloon Tamponade in the Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage when Uterotonic Agents Fail</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Munir</surname>
            <given-names>Maryam</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mukhtar</surname>
            <given-names>Hira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Irshad</surname>
            <given-names>Saba</given-names>
          </name>
          <email>sabairshaad@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ghaffar</surname>
            <given-names>Sadia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ayyaz</surname>
            <given-names>Mehwish</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <institution>Lady Aitchison Hospital, Lahore</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <institution>Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <institution>Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor1">*Correspondence: Saba Irshad (sabairshaad@gmail.com)</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2025-11-21">
        <day>21</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>6</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>368</fpage>
      <lpage>372</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-30">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2025-08-28">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-10">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2025 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>The Author(s)</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://psimj.com/article/jpsim.v6i4.2568" content-type="text/html"/>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://psimj.com/article/jpsim.v6i4.2568.pdf" content-type="application/pdf"/>
      <abstract>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective</title>
          <p>To determine the efficacy of intrauterine balloon tamponade in the management of postpartum hemorrhage when uterotonic agents fail.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methodology</title>
          <p>It was a descriptive case series study carried out in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology Department, Lady Aitchison Hospital, Lahore for 6 months.35 females were enrolled. Females underwent balloon tamponade by using condom. Then females kept under observation in ward for 15 minutes. If blood flow stopped within 15 minutes and no recurrence occurred after removing tamponade after 24 hours, then efficacy was labeled using SPSS 26.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p>Mean age of patients was 26.4±3.81 years, there were 9(27%) nulliparous. The Mean gestational age was 38.22±0.68 weeks. In this study the efficacy of balloon tamponade achieved among 30(86%) females.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p>Intrauterine balloon tamponade is efficacious tool for postpartum hemorrhage management when uterotonic agents fail.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author-keywords">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Uterotonic</kwd>
        <kwd>Efficacy</kwd>
        <kwd>Intrauterine Balloon Tamponade</kwd>
        <kwd>PPH</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <!-- <body> omitted: no manuscript (.docx) on file -->
  <back>
    <notes notes-type="ethics-statement">
      <title>Ethics Statement</title>
      <p>Ethics committee: Institutional Review Board / Ethics Committee (IRB/EC). Approval number: 287-88/CE/TD, dated July 30, 2024.</p>
    </notes>
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</article>
