JPSIM Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine J Pak Soc Intern Med 2709-8729 2710-0804 Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine 10.70302/jpsim.v7i2.2620 jpsim.v7i2.2620 Original Research Comparison of Efficacy of Open Testicular Biopsy and Sperm Extraction (TESE) versus Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA) in terms of Sperm Retrieval Rate (SRR) in patients of Non-Obstructive Azoospermia (NOA) Rehman Adnan adnanrehman419@gmail.com * Nasrullah Fawad Kamal Ahmad Arshad Bilal Anwar Junaid Shahzaman Mayo Hospital, Lahore Pakistan *Correspondence: Adnan Rehman (adnanrehman419@gmail.com) 03 06 2026 2026 7 2 101 103 16 07 2025 22 04 2026 03 05 2026 Copyright © 2026 The Author(s) 2026 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective

Objective of our study was to compare the yield of TESE versus TESA in terms of SRR in patients of NOA.

 Methodology

This randomized clinical trial was conducted in Department of Urology, Mayo Hospital Lahore. Patients diagnosed with NOA were selected and written informed consent was obtained. Baseline demographic and clinical information was recorded. Patients were then randomly allocated to two groups. Group A patients underwent TESE while TESA was performed in Group B patients. SRR of both groups were assessed and compared.

 Results

Mean age of patients undergoing TESE and TESA was 29.73 ± 4.57 and 27.73 ± 4.88 years respectively (p = 0.766). Mean BMI of patients in undergoing TESE was 21.93 ± 1.24 kg/m2 while mean BMI of patients undergoing TESA was 22.46 ± 1.49 kg/m2 (p = 0.783). SRR of TESE was 66.6% while SRR of TESA was 40.0% (p = 0.038).

 Conclusion

TESE was found to be more effective sperm retrieval technique in patients of NOA.

 Keywords Non-obstructive Azoospermia TESA TESE. Ethics Statement

Ethics committee: Institutional Review Board, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan. Approval number: 774/RC/KEMU, dated November 20, 2024.

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