Review Article

COVID-19 Infection: An Overview of Pathophysiology, Management, and Complications

Muhammad M Javaid1
Monash University, Victoria, Australia
Usman Mahmood2
Epping Family Medical & Specialist Centre, Shepparton Victoria,
Asif Hussain3
Epping Medical Specialist Centre Editor Surgical Archives,
Sheema Itrat3
Epping Medical Specialist Centre Editor Surgical Archives,
Jawaria Avais4
Epping, Victoria,3076, Australia

✉ Correspondence: Asif Hussain Email: drasifhussain@gmail.com

DOI https://doi.org/10.70302/jpsim.v3i1.2203
Volume: 3, Issue 1 Pages: 7–19 Published: 15 Mar 2022
Received: 21 Nov 2021 Accepted: 03 Jan 2022 Published Online: 15 Mar 2022

Abstract

COVID-19 has been the most common infection worldwide for the last two years, with many clinical manifestations, complications, comorbidities, and high mortality. Cardiac and pulmonary complications contribute the most towards morbidity mortality and pose great difficulty in the management. In addition, the disease has badly damaged the global economy and lifestyle. Recently, there have been many updates in the preventative and pharmacological options available for COVID-19 disease, including vaccines and biological drugs.

This review article focuses on the pros and cons of the main aspects of the disease, its complications, and management, options currently used to manage. This article is a general review, and the management guidelines are different in different parts of the World. Hence, the reader should consult local health guidelines to manage their patients.

Keywords
COVID-19 Coronavirus COVID-Vaccines COVID-complications COVID-management

How to Cite This Article

Javaid MM, Mahmood U, Hussain A, Itrat S, Avais J. COVID-19 Infection: An Overview of Pathophysiology, Management, and Complications. J Pak Soc Intern Med. 2022;3(1):7–19. doi:10.70302/jpsim.v3i1.2203

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Conflict of Interest

All authors declare no competing interests.

Disclosed in accordance with ICMJE and COPE guidelines.

Funding

No specific funding was received for this research.

Funder information follows the Crossref Funder Registry standard.

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CC BY CC BY 4.0 This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. May be shared and adapted with attribution. © 2022 Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine.
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