Original Research

Duration of the Hypertension and Prevalence of Retinopathy in Hypertensive Patients

Abdul Khalid
AJK Medical College, Muzaffarabad
Rubina Rafique
AJK Medical College, Muzaffarabad
Muhammad Arshad
AJK Medical College, Muzaffarabad
Mazhar Hamdani
AJK Medical College, Muzaffarabad
Maria Pirzada
AJK Medical College, Muzaffarabad
Shaukat Ali
AJK Medical College, Muzaffarabad
Shoukat Hussain
AJK Medical College, Muzaffarabad

✉ Correspondence: Abdul Khalid Email: abdulkhalid301@gmail.com

DOI https://doi.org/10.70302/jpsim.v3i1.2209
Volume: 3, Issue 1 Pages: 45–48 Published: 15 Mar 2022
Received: 18 Dec 2021 Accepted: 26 Dec 2021 Published Online: 15 Mar 2022

Abstract

Objective

To determine the prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy and its severity in hypertensive patients in a tertiary
care hospital of Azad Kashmir

Methods

This study was conducted in a public sector teaching hospital of AJK-Medical College between March 2019
and Feb 2020. Adult patients above the age of 18 years, with the diagnosis of hypertension were included in the study from
out-patient and in-patient departments. A standard Performa was used to collect the demographic information, medical
history and physical examination of patients. The age, sex, residential area, marital status, education, profession,
presenting complaints, smoking and other addictions, functional status and physical activity were recorded. The
measurement of Blood Pressure (BP) was performed with mercury sphygmomanometer and retinal examination was
performed in a relatively dark room with ophthalmoscope.

Results

Atotal of 100, hypertensive patients were enrolled in the study between the ages of 27 to 96 years. The mean age
of the participants was 57 year. 55% patients were male while 45% patients were females. 23% had good control of
hypertension while 77% had poor control.7% participants were monitoring their BPon daily basis, 32% weely,39% once
in month while 22% never had any schedule of monitoring their Blood Pressure. The family history of hypertension was
present in 61%. Overall, 85% of the participants had retinopathy. 44% had grade-I retinopathy, 40% grade-II, 4% gradeIII and 2% had grade-IVretinal changes.

Conclusion

Hypertensive retinopathy is common in middle age and elderly hypertensive patients.

Keywords
Hypertensive retinopathy Keith Wegener classification

How to Cite This Article

Khalid A, Rafique R, Arshad M, Hamdani M, Pirzada M, Ali S, et al.. Duration of the Hypertension and Prevalence of Retinopathy in Hypertensive Patients. J Pak Soc Intern Med. 2022;3(1):45–48. doi:10.70302/jpsim.v3i1.2209

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Conflict of Interest

All authors declare no competing interests.

Disclosed in accordance with ICMJE and COPE guidelines.

Funding

No specific funding was received for this research.

Funder information follows the Crossref Funder Registry standard.

References

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CC BY CC BY 4.0 This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. May be shared and adapted with attribution. © 2022 Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine.
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