Original Research

Factors Affecting Children Immunization in Lahore

Tahseen Fatima1
University of Lahore, Lahore
Iqra Waheed1
University of Lahore, Lahore
Ahmed Faisal Siddiqui2
University of central Punjab, Lahore
Tayyeba Komal3
King Edward Medical University, Lahore
Muhammad Kalim Akhtar3
King Edward Medical University, Lahore
Sami Ullah Mumtaz3
King Edward Medical University, Lahore

✉ Correspondence: Tahseen Fatima Email: syeda.tahseen.fatima@gmail.com

DOI https://doi.org/10.70302/jpsim.v3i1.2210
Volume: 3, Issue 1 Pages: 49–52 Published: 15 Mar 2022
Received: 01 Dec 2021 Accepted: 30 Dec 2021 Published Online: 15 Mar 2022

Abstract

Objective

To assess the association of immunization coverage with age of children <5 year, female gender of children of
city Lahore, low Education level of mother & Father, far healthcare center, poor knowledge about child vaccination

Methods

This Cross sectional study was used to collect information from candidates (parents). Parents interviewed
regarding immunization status of their children of <3 years of age. Spatial sampling technique was used to collect data. As
population of Lahore city was subdivide in 4 zones by applying convenient sampling. A sample of 100 is selected in each
zone through stratified random sampling with equal allocation. Only those children are interviewed of < 3yeas of age are
present. Parents asked about different EPI vaccination methods and complete history and confirmed through vaccination
card status. Factors noted including education of mother, education of father, socioeconomic status, residential area etc.
Presented also frequency and percentage. Cluster analysis was applied to find the factors affecting of incomplete
immunization coverage in children's of Lahore. The result are analyzed by using SPSS version 21.

Results

207 (51.8%) children lie under 6 months, 81 (20.3% children lie between 7-12 months and 112 (28%) children
fall greater than 12 months of age. 219 (54.8%) are male and 181 (45.3%) are female. About 288 (72%) children have
fully immunized, 90 (22.5%) have partially complete and 22 (5.5%) have not vaccinated children.360 (90%) parents have
availability of EPI card and 40 (10%) does not have EPI card, 310 (77.5%) parents have knowledge about vaccination and
90 (22.5%) parents does not have knowledge about vaccination. Two clusters were formed firstly including zones areas.

Conclusion

Data was fall in Fair zone. Therefore, we could say that data is good and all the values tell us so much detail
about vaccination process.

Keywords
Vaccination Immunization EPI Expanded program of immunization Children under five

How to Cite This Article

Fatima T, Waheed I, Siddiqui AF, Komal T, Akhtar MK, Mumtaz SU. Factors Affecting Children Immunization in Lahore. J Pak Soc Intern Med. 2022;3(1):49–52. doi:10.70302/jpsim.v3i1.2210

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Conflict of Interest

All authors declare no competing interests.

Disclosed in accordance with ICMJE and COPE guidelines.

Funding

No specific funding was received for this research.

Funder information follows the Crossref Funder Registry standard.

References

  1. Ahmed, V. A. (2014). Poverty and social Impact Anbalysis of Expanded Progran on Immunization in Pakistan. Islamabad: Sustainable Development Policy Institute.
  2. Bloom, D. (2005). The value of Vaccination. (Vol. 6). World Economics.
  3. Bryce, J. B.-P. (2005). WHO estimates of the causes of death in children (Vol. 365(9465)). The Lancet.
  4. Djibuti, M. G. (2009). The role of supportive supervision on immunization program outcome-a randomized field trial from Georgia (Vol. 9(1)). BMC international health and human rights.
  5. Naeem, M. A. (2011). Coverage and causes of missed oral polio vaccine in urban and rural areas of Peshawar. (Vol. 23(4)). Abbottabad: J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad.
  6. Naeem, M. K. (2011). Inequity in childhood immunization between urban and rural areas of Peshawar. (Vol. 2393)). Abbottabad: J Ayub Med Coll.
  7. Organization, W. H. (2002). The world health report 2002: reducing risks, promoting healthy life. World Health Organization.
  8. WH., O. (2014). Global immunization data.

Reference list indexed for Google Scholar and ResearchGate. DOI links resolve via doi.org.

CC BY CC BY 4.0 This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. May be shared and adapted with attribution. © 2022 Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine.
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