Original Research

Impacts of Menopause on Psychological Wellbeing of Women in Sialkot-Pakistan

Laiba Idrees1
Department of Psychology, GC Women University Sialkot
Salbia Abbas1
Department of Psychology, GC Women University Sialkot
Saira Abbas2
Department of English, University of Management and Technology Sialkot
Saba Rani1
Department of Psychology, GC Women University Sialkot
Asifa Batool1
Department of Psychology, GC Women University Sialkot

✉ Correspondence: Laiba Idrees Email: ch.min29@yahoo.com

DOI https://doi.org/10.70302/jpsim.v3i1.2211
Volume: 3, Issue 1 Pages: 53–57 Published: 15 Mar 2022
Received: 14 Dec 2021 Accepted: 04 Jan 2022 Published Online: 15 Mar 2022

Abstract

Objective

To assess the impacts of menopause on psychological wellbeing of women in Sialkot-Pakistan.

Methods

This cross sectional correlational study design study was conducted at different areas like mohallas and streets
of Sialkot (rural and urban areas), from March to June 2021. Self-report questionnaire was designed which contained
Consent form, Demographic Information, Greene Climacteric Scale and Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale. Women
with Age range of 40 to 60, with natural menopause only, from all socioeconomic backgrounds, religions and educational
backgrounds were included. Data was entered and analyzed through SPSS version 20. Cronbach's reliability for scales and
subscales was calculated.

Results

Cronbach's a value of Greene Climacteric scale was .987 and Cronbach's a value of Ryff Psychological wellbeing
Scale was .955. All the scales and its subscales were highly reliable for our population. There was strong negative
correlation between menopausal symptoms and psychological wellbeing (r=-.69). Relation between the years of
menopause and severity of menopausal symptoms was also negative (r=-0.49). Research findings indicates moderate
negative relationship of menopausal symptoms and educational level (r=-.31).

Conclusion

Menopause negatively affects the psychological well-being of menopause.

Keywords
Menopause Menopausal Symptoms Psychological well-being Menopausal Women.

How to Cite This Article

Idrees L, Abbas S, Abbas S, Rani S, Batool A. Impacts of Menopause on Psychological Wellbeing of Women in Sialkot-Pakistan. J Pak Soc Intern Med. 2022;3(1):53–57. doi:10.70302/jpsim.v3i1.2211

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Conflict of Interest

All authors declare no competing interests.

Disclosed in accordance with ICMJE and COPE guidelines.

Funding

No specific funding was received for this research.

Funder information follows the Crossref Funder Registry standard.

References

  1. Adhi, M., Hasan, R., Shoaib, S., & Tauheed, S. (2007). Age and Symptomatology of Menopause in Karachi, Pakistan. Pak J Physiol, 3(1), 41–44.
  2. Afridi, I. (2017). Psychological and Social Aspects of Menopause. A Multidisciplinary Look at Menopause, 49–61. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.69078 doi:10.5772/intechopen.69078
  3. Ali, A. M., Ahmed, A. H., & Smail, L. (2020). Psychological Climacteric Symptoms and Attitudes toward Menopause among Emirati Women. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14), 5028.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145028 doi:10.3390/ijerph17145028
  4. Barile, L. A. (1997). Theories of Menopause Brief Comparative Synopsis. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 35(2). https://doi.org/10.3928/0279 3695-19970201-23 doi:10.3928/0279
  5. Greene, J. (1976). A factor analytic study of climacteric symptoms. Journal of PsychosomaticResearch, 20(5), 425–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(76)90005-2 doi:10.1016/0022-3999(76)90005-2
  6. Krystal, A. D., Edinger, J., Wohlgemuth, W., & Marsh, G. R. (1998). Sleep in peri-menopausaland post-menopausal women. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2(4), 243–253.https://doi.org/10.1016/s1087-0792(98)90011-9 doi:10.1016/s1087-0792(98)90011-9
  7. Namazi, M., Sadeghi, R., & Behboodi Moghadam, Z. (2019). Social Determinants of Health in Menopause: An Integrative Review. International Journal of Women’s Health, Volume 11. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijwh.s228594Papini, D. R., Intrieri, R. C., & Goodwin, P. E. (2002). Attitude toward menopause among married middle-aged adults. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 36(4), 55-68 doi:10.2147/ijwh.s228594Papini
  8. Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081
  9. WHO. (1981). Research on the Menopause (No. 670). WHO Technical Report Series Geneva, Switzerland.

Reference list indexed for Google Scholar and ResearchGate. DOI links resolve via doi.org.

CC BY CC BY 4.0 This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. May be shared and adapted with attribution. © 2022 Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine.
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