Original Research

Obesity and Hypertension among Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Analysis of Gender and Age Matched Rural Population of South Punjab, Pakistan

Qazi Masroor Ali1
Aleena Hospital, Bahawalpur
Saba Anjum2
Shahida Islam Teaching Hospital, Lodhran
Ali Imran3
Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur
Sadaf Shafique4
Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur
Maria Masroor5
Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan

✉ Correspondence: Qazi Masroor Ali Email: masroorqazi@outlook.com

DOI https://doi.org/10.70302/jpsim.v4i1.2304
Volume: 4, Issue 1 Pages: 15–19 Published: 13 Feb 2023
Received: 25 Oct 2022 Accepted: 16 Dec 2022 Published Online: 13 Feb 2023

Abstract

Objective

To study the association between obesity and hypertension (HTN) among type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients by analyzing age and gender matched rural population of South Punjab, Pakistan.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient department of medicine, Aleena Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan from 1st January 2021 to 30th December 2022. A total of 2538 known patients of T2DM of either gender aged above 18 years with a minimum disease duration of 6 months. All patients had rural residential status. For each male or female patient, gender and age was matched in the next coming patients so that we had equal number of male and female patients corresponding to very similar age. The prevalence of HTN was noted. For Body mass index (BMI) labeling, Asian criteria was used as normal if BMI below 23 kg/m2, overweight if ≥23 kg/m2 and obese if ≥25 kg/m2.

Results

The mean age and BMI were 50.55±11.75 years and 26.20±5.48 kg/m2 respectively. There were 703 (27.7%) patients who had normal BMI whereas 387 (15.2%) and 1448 (57.1%) were overweight and obese respectively. Hypertension was noted among 1069 (42.1%) patients. Hypertension was noted to have significant association with female gender (p<0.001), increasing age (p<0.001), increasing BMI (p<0.001) and increasing duration of diabetes (p<0.001). BMI had significant association with age (p<0.001), increasing duration of diabetes (p=0.048) and HTN (p<0.001). Female gender was found to have significant association with HTN + overweight / obesity (p<0.001). Increasing age was linked with HTN + overweight / obesity (p<0.001). Duration of diabetes had significant association with HTN + overweight/obesity (p<0.001).

Conclusion

In rural population, female gender had significant association with hypertension, overweight and obesity. Increasing age and duration of diabetes were significantly linked with hypertension and higher BMI.

Keywords
Body mass index diabetes mellitus hypertension obesity overweight.

How to Cite This Article

Ali QM, Anjum S, Imran A, Shafique S, Masroor M. Obesity and Hypertension among Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Analysis of Gender and Age Matched Rural Population of South Punjab, Pakistan. J Pak Soc Intern Med. 2023;4(1):15–19. doi:10.70302/jpsim.v4i1.2304

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Conflict of Interest

All authors declare no competing interests.

Disclosed in accordance with ICMJE and COPE guidelines.

Funding

No specific funding was received for this research.

Funder information follows the Crossref Funder Registry standard.

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CC BY CC BY 4.0 This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. May be shared and adapted with attribution. © 2023 Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine.
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