Medical Guidelines

Diagnosis, Monitoring and Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Aamir Shaukat
Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad.
Ata-Ur-Rehman Ata-Ur-Rehman
Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad.

✉ Correspondence: Aamir Shaukat Email: dr_aamirfcps@yahoo.com

DOI https://doi.org/10.70302/jpsim.v4i1.2317
Volume: 4, Issue 1 Pages: 77–80 Published: 13 Feb 2023
Received: 17 Nov 2022 Accepted: 28 Nov 2022 Published Online: 13 Feb 2023

Abstract

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a major health problem that is affecting life quality and lot of healthcare resources are utilised in the treatment and management, especially in countries with low GDP such as Pakistan (1,2). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immune mediated disease of unknown etiology that is affecting nearly 1% of the world population (3). The major features of this disease are swelling, pain and stiffness and if left untreaded leads to permanent joint damge resulting in high rates of morbidity and mortality. RA is associated with work loss leading to augmented financial problem, amplified psychological stress, depression and, ultimately leading to decreased quality of life (4).

How to Cite This Article

Shaukat A, Ata-Ur-Rehman A. Diagnosis, Monitoring and Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Pak Soc Intern Med. 2023;4(1):77–80. doi:10.70302/jpsim.v4i1.2317

⭳ Download PDF

Conflict of Interest

All authors declare no competing interests.

Disclosed in accordance with ICMJE and COPE guidelines.

Funding

No specific funding was received for this research.

Funder information follows the Crossref Funder Registry standard.

References

  1. Akhter E, Bilal S, Kiani A, Haque U. Prevalence of arthritis in India and Pakistan: a review. Rheumatol Int. 2011;31:849-55.
  2. Cross M, Smith E, Hoy D, et al. The global burden of rheumatoid arthritis: estimates from the global burden of disease 2010 study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:131622.
  3. McInnes IB, Schett G (2011) The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 365, 2205–19.
  4. Filipovic I, Walker D, Forster F et al. Quantifying the economic burden of productivity loss in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011; 50, 1083–90.
  5. Naqvi AA, Hassali MA, Aftab MT, Shyum Naqvi SB, Zehra F, Ahmad R, et al. Development of Evidence-Based Disease Education Literature for Pakistani Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Diseases.2017;5:27.
  6. Lau CS, Chia F, Dans L, et al. 2018 update of the APLAR recommendations for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2019;22:357–375.
  7. Lau CS, Chia F, Harrison A, Hsieh T-Y, Jain R, Jung SM et al. APLAR rheumatoid arthritis treatment recommendations. Int J Rheum Dis. 2015;18: 685-713.
  8. Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, et al. 2010 Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative, Arthritis Rheum, 2010, vol. 62 (pg. 2569-81).
  9. Singh JA, Saag KG, Bridges SL Jr, Akl EA, Bannuru RR, Sullivan MC, et al. 2015 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016;68:1–26.
  10. Saag KG, Teng GG, Patkar NM, Anuntiyo J, Finney C, Curtis JR, et al. American College of Rheumatology 2008 recommendations for the use of nonbiologic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2008;59:762–84.

Reference list indexed for Google Scholar and ResearchGate. DOI links resolve via doi.org.

CC BY CC BY 4.0 This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. May be shared and adapted with attribution. © 2023 Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine.
📃 In This Issue View All
Original Article Neonatal Sepsis: Bacteriological Profile and Antibiogram in a Tertiary Care Hospital Iqbal M, Rashid T Original Article Serum Ferritin as a Prognostic Marker in COVID-19 Severity: A Hospital-Based Study Rehman N, Sheikh I, Javed K Review Article Statin Therapy in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review Nawaz F, Cheema HA, Mehmood Y Original Article Outcomes of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Acute Cholecystitis: A Retrospective Analysis Raza SH, Butt N, Qureshi AM Review Article Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Emerging Trends Hussain I, Farooq Z
👥 More by These Authors
Original Article Prevalence of Hypertension Among Urban Adults in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study Khan TM, Ahmed S, Malik RA Original Article Cervical Cancer Screening Awareness Among Rural Women in Punjab Bibi S, Anjum R, Hassan F Original Article Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided versus Landmark-Based Central Venous Catheter Insertion Zafar S, Gillani SA Original Article Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Post-Operative Wound Healing in General Surgery Siddiqui FA, Noor M, Akhtar W
🔗 Related Articles By Keywords
Review Article Statin Therapy in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review Nawaz F, Cheema HA, Mehmood Y Original Article Outcomes of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Acute Cholecystitis: A Retrospective Analysis Raza SH, Butt N, Qureshi AM Review Article Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Emerging Trends Hussain I, Farooq Z Review Article Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy: Clinical Implications and Management Strategies Baig BI, Usman A