Original Research

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Vitamin D Deficiency in T2DMPatients, pPresenting in Outpatient Department of a privateHealthcare Facility of South Punjab, Pakistan

Qazi Masroor Ali1
Aleena Hospital, Bahawalpur
Saba Anjum2
Shahida Islam Teaching Hospital and Medical College, Lodhran
Raheel Khan3
Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur
Ali Imran4
Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Sadaf Shafique4
Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Aleena Masroor2
Shahida Islam Teaching Hospital and Medical College, Lodhran

✉ Correspondence: Qazi Masroor Ali Email: masroorqazi@outlook.com

DOI https://doi.org/10.70302/jpsim.v4i3.2340
Volume: 4, Issue 3 Pages: 201–205 Published: 25 Sep 2023
Received: 29 May 2023 Accepted: 01 Aug 2023 Published Online: 25 Sep 2023

Abstract

Objective

To determine the prevalence and associated factors of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted at Outpatient Department of Aleena Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan from 1st January 2023 to 30th June 2023. We analyzed patients of either gender aged above 18 years and diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus for minimum duration of 6 months. At the time of enrollment, demographic and clinical characteristics were noted. VDD was described as serum vitamin D levels below 20 ng/ml, insufficiency between 20-29 ng/ml, whereas sufficiency or normal vitamin D levels were declared > 30 ng/ml.

Results

In a total of 90 patients, 62 (68.9%) were females. The mean age and BMI were 51.52±10.64 years and 27.51±5.23 kg/m2 respectively. The mean HbA1c was 9.01±1.87. The mean vitamin D levels were 19.07±8.4 ng/ml. VDD was observed in 55 (61.1%) and insufficiency 26 (28.9%), whereas normal levels were found in 9 (10.0%) patients. Relatively younger age (p=0.029), rising duration of diabetes (p=0.026), higher HbA1c (p=0.034) and hypertension were noted to have statistically significant association with VDD.

Conclusion

Evaluation of vitamin D status in type-2 diabetes mellitus revealed that vast majority of these patients were having inadequate levels of vitamin D. Relatively younger age, duration of diabetes, higher HbA1c and hypertension were having significant association with vitamin D inadequacy.

Keywords
Body mass index type-2 diabetes mellitus HbA1c hypertension vitamin D

How to Cite This Article

Ali QM, Anjum S, Khan R, Imran A, Shafique S, Masroor A. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Vitamin D Deficiency in T2DMPatients, pPresenting in Outpatient Department of a privateHealthcare Facility of South Punjab, Pakistan. J Pak Soc Intern Med. 2023;4(3):201–205. doi:10.70302/jpsim.v4i3.2340

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Conflict of Interest

All authors declare no competing interests.

Disclosed in accordance with ICMJE and COPE guidelines.

Funding

No specific funding was received for this research.

Funder information follows the Crossref Funder Registry standard.

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CC BY CC BY 4.0 This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. May be shared and adapted with attribution. © 2023 Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine.
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