Original Research

Potential Risk Factors for Breast Carcinoma in Patients Presented in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Muhammad Zain Qamar1
Mayo Hospital Lahore
Muhammad Ifran Fazal1
Mayo Hospital Lahore
Huria Asghar1
Mayo Hospital Lahore
Maha Naseem2
Central Park Hospital Lahore
Faiza Qamar1
Mayo Hospital Lahore
Muhammad Siddique1
Mayo Hospital Lahore

✉ Correspondence: Muhammad Zain Qamar Email: qamarzain79@gmail.com

DOI https://doi.org/10.70302/jpsim.v4i3.2345
Volume: 4, Issue 3 Pages: 223–227 Published: 25 Sep 2023
Received: 22 May 2023 Accepted: 26 Jun 2023 Published Online: 25 Sep 2023

Abstract

Objective

This study intended to investigate the elements that raise the likelihood of breast carcinoma risk in Pakistani females.

Methods

This case-control design study included a total of 300 participants, consisting of 165 patients with breast carcinoma and 135 controls who are age-matched, were chosen to take part in the study at Mayo Hospital in Lahore, Pakistan.

Results

In addition, several risk factors were discovered to be linked to a higher likelihood of developing breast carcinoma in Pakistani females, including an elevated body mass index (BMI) exceeding 25 kg/m2 (OR = 1.57; OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.26-1.90), being unmarried (OR = 2.03; 95% CI, 1.26-2.03), not engaging in breastfeeding, smoking (current or past), insufficient physical activity, and being in the post-menopausal stage were identified as factors associated with the outcome (95% CI, 1.69-2.44). On the other hand, increased parity was found to lower breast carcinoma risk. Furthermore, the study established that the right breast was affected in a higher proportion of cases (58.1%) compared to other breast complications (22.8%).

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study highlights the various sociodemographic, reproductive, and lifestyle-related factors that are linked to breast carcinoma among females in Pakistan. These findings can aid in the development of preventative measures and awareness campaigns aimed at decreasing the rate of occurrence of breast carcinoma within this particular group.

Keywords
Case-control study Breast carcinoma Risk factors lifestyle socio-demographic Pakistan and reproductive health.

How to Cite This Article

Qamar MZ, Fazal MI, Asghar H, Naseem M, Qamar F, Siddique M. Potential Risk Factors for Breast Carcinoma in Patients Presented in a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Pak Soc Intern Med. 2023;4(3):223–227. doi:10.70302/jpsim.v4i3.2345

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Conflict of Interest

All authors declare no competing interests.

Disclosed in accordance with ICMJE and COPE guidelines.

Funding

No specific funding was received for this research.

Funder information follows the Crossref Funder Registry standard.

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CC BY CC BY 4.0 This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. May be shared and adapted with attribution. © 2023 Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine.
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