Empowerment Through Education: Enhancing the Quality of Life of People with Type 1 Diabetes in Pakistan

Atif Munir; Hamayle Saeed; Ayma Waqar; Anum Anwar; Sana Ajmal

doi:10.70302/jpsim.v5i3.2446

Original Research

Empowerment Through Education: Enhancing the Quality of Life of People with Type 1 Diabetes in Pakistan

Atif Munir¹

Meethi Zindagi Pakistan

Hamayle Saeed²

Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore

Ayma Waqar³

Lahore Grammar School Lahore

Anum Anwar¹

Meethi Zindagi Pakistan

Sana Ajmal¹

Meethi Zindagi Pakistan

✉ Correspondence: Atif Munir Email: atif113_2000@yahoo.co.uk

DOI https://doi.org/10.70302/jpsim.v5i3.2446

Volume: 5, Issue 3 Pages: 591–594 Published: 30 Aug 2024

Received: 22 Feb 2024 Accepted: 07 Aug 2024 Published Online: 30 Aug 2024

Abstract

Objective

Objective of our study was to assess the quality of life along with the factors influencing it in the Pakistani population with type 1 diabetes. In addition, it also aimed to collate their views about having a national structured education program for empowering people living with type 1 diabetes.

Methods

The study was a cross-sectional and questionnaire based. The results indicated that there is room for improvement in all aspects of health-associated quality of life parameters.

Results

Differences between results across the demographic and clinical domains of subgroups of participants was not statistically significant. 94.9% participants responded positively to the inculcation of a structured education program for type 1 diabetes in Pakistan.

Conclusions

The need for a comprehensive approach to propagate type 1 diabetes understanding in Pakistan is of paramount importance.

Keywords

Type 1 diabetes quality of life structured education

How to Cite This Article

Munir A, Saeed H, Waqar A, Anwar A, Ajmal S. Empowerment Through Education: Enhancing the Quality of Life of People with Type 1 Diabetes in Pakistan. J Pak Soc Intern Med. 2024;5(3):591–594. doi:10.70302/jpsim.v5i3.2446

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Conflict of Interest

All authors declare no competing interests.

Disclosed in accordance with ICMJE and COPE guidelines.

Funding

No specific funding was received for this research.

Funder information follows the Crossref Funder Registry standard.

References

International Diabetes Federation. IDF diabetes atlas. 9th ed. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation; 2019.
Diabetes UK. Diabetes in the UK, Key statistics on diabetes; 2010. Available from: http://www.diabetes.org.uk/Documents/Reports/Diabetes_in_the_UK_2010.pdf.
Rubin RR, Peyrot M. Quality of life and diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 1999;15(3):205-18.
Loveman E, Cave C, Green C, Royle P, Dunn N, Waugh N. The clinical and cost-effectiveness of patient education models for diabetes: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2003;7(22):1-190.
Barnard KD, Speight J, Skinner TC. Quality of life and impact of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion for children and their parents. Pract Diabetes Int. 2008;25(7):278-83.
Muris P, Meesters C, Van den Berg F. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ)–further evidence for its reliability and validity in a community sample of Dutch children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003;12(1):1-8.
Department of Health. National service framework for diabetes standards. London: HMSO; 2001.
Funnell MM, Brown TL, Childs BP, et al. National standards for diabetes self-management education. Diabetes Care. 2009;31(1):S97-S104.
McIntyre D. DAFNE (Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating): structured education in insulin replacement therapy for type 1 diabetics. Med J Aust. 2006; 164(3):317-8.
Hopkins D, Lawrence I, Mansell P, Thompson G, Amiel S, Campbell M, et al. Improved biomedical and psychological outcomes 1 year after structured education in flexible insulin therapy for people with type 1 diabetes: the U.K. DAFNE experience. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(8):1638-42.
Alvarado-Martel D, Ruiz Fernández MA, Cuadrado Vigaray M, Carrillo A, Boronat M, Expósito Montesdeoca A, et al. ViDa1: the development and validation of a new questionnaire for measuring health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes. Front Psychol. 2017;8:904.
Testa MA, Simonson DC. Assessment of quality-of-life outcomes. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(13):835-40.
Gibbons E, Fitzpatrick R. A structured review of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) for diabetes. Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Group. Oxford University of Oxford; 2009.
Elliott J, Jacques RM, Kruger J, Campbell MJ, Amiel SA, Mansell P, et al. Educational and Psychological Issues Substantial reductions in the number of diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycaemia episodes requiring emergency treatment led to reduced costs after structured education in adults with Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2014;31(7):847-53.
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group, Nathan DM, Genuth S, Lachin J, Cleary P, Crofford O et al. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(14):977-86.
Condie AM, Allen TV, Ogle GD. Incidence and characteristics of childhood- and youth-onset diabetes in the Qalandar Abad area in northern Pakistan. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;163:108155.

Reference list indexed for Google Scholar and ResearchGate. DOI links resolve via doi.org.

CC BY 4.0 This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. May be shared and adapted with attribution. © 2024 Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine.

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[1] International Diabetes Federation. IDF diabetes atlas. 9th ed. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation; 2019.

[2] Diabetes UK. Diabetes in the UK, Key statistics on diabetes; 2010. Available from: http://www.diabetes.org.uk/Documents/Reports/Diabetes_in_the_UK_2010.pdf.

[3] Rubin RR, Peyrot M. Quality of life and diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 1999;15(3):205-18.

[4] Loveman E, Cave C, Green C, Royle P, Dunn N, Waugh N. The clinical and cost-effectiveness of patient education models for diabetes: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2003;7(22):1-190.

[5] Barnard KD, Speight J, Skinner TC. Quality of life and impact of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion for children and their parents. Pract Diabetes Int. 2008;25(7):278-83.

[6] Muris P, Meesters C, Van den Berg F. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ)–further evidence for its reliability and validity in a community sample of Dutch children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003;12(1):1-8.

[7] Department of Health. National service framework for diabetes standards. London: HMSO; 2001.

[8] Funnell MM, Brown TL, Childs BP, et al. National standards for diabetes self-management education. Diabetes Care. 2009;31(1):S97-S104.

[9] McIntyre D. DAFNE (Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating): structured education in insulin replacement therapy for type 1 diabetics. Med J Aust. 2006; 164(3):317-8.

[10] Hopkins D, Lawrence I, Mansell P, Thompson G, Amiel S, Campbell M, et al. Improved biomedical and psychological outcomes 1 year after structured education in flexible insulin therapy for people with type 1 diabetes: the U.K. DAFNE experience. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(8):1638-42.

[11] Alvarado-Martel D, Ruiz Fernández MA, Cuadrado Vigaray M, Carrillo A, Boronat M, Expósito Montesdeoca A, et al. ViDa1: the development and validation of a new questionnaire for measuring health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes. Front Psychol. 2017;8:904.

[12] Testa MA, Simonson DC. Assessment of quality-of-life outcomes. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(13):835-40.

[13] Gibbons E, Fitzpatrick R. A structured review of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) for diabetes. Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Group. Oxford University of Oxford; 2009.

[14] Elliott J, Jacques RM, Kruger J, Campbell MJ, Amiel SA, Mansell P, et al. Educational and Psychological Issues Substantial reductions in the number of diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycaemia episodes requiring emergency treatment led to reduced costs after structured education in adults with Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2014;31(7):847-53.

[15] Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group, Nathan DM, Genuth S, Lachin J, Cleary P, Crofford O et al. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(14):977-86.

[16] Condie AM, Allen TV, Ogle GD. Incidence and characteristics of childhood- and youth-onset diabetes in the Qalandar Abad area in northern Pakistan. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;163:108155.