Original Research

Chronic Kidney Disease and Anemia: Exploring Patterns with Creatinine Clearance <30 mL/min/1.73 m²

Anam Tanveer
Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
Muhammad Kamran Rauf
Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
Fatima Shahid
Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
Sidra Anwar
Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan

✉ Correspondence: Anam Tanveer Email: anamtanveer42401@import.invalid

DOI https://doi.org/10.70302/jpsim.v6i2.2526
Volume: 6, Issue 2 Pages: 136–140 Published: 05 Jun 2025
Received: 22 Jul 2024 Revised: 01 Jan 2025 Accepted: 24 Apr 2025 Published Online: 05 Jun 2025

Abstract

Objective

This study aims to determine the frequency and patterns of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who have a creatinine clearance of less than 30 ml/min/1.73 m², in order to inform targeted treatment and reduce adverse outcomes.

Methods

This six-month prospective study at Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, enrolled 156 CKD patients aged 18-60 with a creatinine clearance <30ml/min/1.73m², using nonprobability consecutive sampling. Exclusion criteria comprised of inflammatory diseases, recent blood loss, malignancy, or chemotherapy. Analysis via SPSS 22.0 had been done.

Results

The mean age of our study group was 47.2 ± 8.1years. The average age ranged between 38 and 45 years. Among these, 74.4% participants were males and 25.6% were females. All participants had anemia. The minimum mean hemoglobin level was 7g/dL and maximum were 11g/dL. 64.1% participants had normocytic normochromic anemia, 32.1% had iron deficiency anemia and 3.8% had combined deficiency anemia. These results confirmed the association of different patterns of anemia and CKD.

Conclusion

Present study highlights the prevalence and patterns of anemia in CKD patients with creatinine clearance below 30 ml/min/1.73m². Normocytic normochromic anemia was the most common pattern, followed by iron deficiency anemia and combined deficiency anemia. These findings underscore the multifactorial nature of anemia in CKD and its association with adverse outcomes such as cardiovascular complications and reduced quality of life.

Keywords
chronic kidney disease Iron deficiency anemia Normocytic normochromic Combined deficiency anemia

How to Cite This Article

Tanveer A, Rauf MK, Shahid F, Anwar S. Chronic Kidney Disease and Anemia: Exploring Patterns with Creatinine Clearance <30 mL/min/1.73 m². J Pak Soc Intern Med. 2025;6(2):136–140. doi:10.70302/jpsim.v6i2.2526

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Conflict of Interest

All authors declare no competing interests.

Disclosed in accordance with ICMJE and COPE guidelines.

Funding

No specific funding was received for this research.

Funder information follows the Crossref Funder Registry standard.

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Reference list indexed for Google Scholar and ResearchGate. DOI links resolve via doi.org.

CC BY CC BY 4.0 This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. May be shared and adapted with attribution. © 2025 Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine.
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