Case Report

Hemorrhagic Encephalitis In A Young Female with Sudden Onset of Fever and Seizures

Shafaq Nazia
Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro.
Asma Subhan
Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro.
Fareeha Bhatti
Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro.
Nimurta Madhwani
Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro.
Fatima Mumtaz
Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro.

✉ Correspondence: Shafaq Nazia Email: shafaq.shaikh@gmail.com

DOI https://doi.org/10.70302/jpsim.v6i2.2536
Volume: 6, Issue 2 Pages: 191–193 Published: 05 Jun 2025
Received: 09 Oct 2024 Revised: 10 Dec 2024 Accepted: 24 Apr 2025 Published Online: 05 Jun 2025

Abstract

A 16-year-old female presented to the emergency department with a sudden onset of high-grade fever and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. She was previously healthy with unremarkable medical history. Her symptoms began 4 days back. On arrival, she was semiconscious, irritable and actively seizing. Her oxygen saturation was declining rapidly. She was immediately transferred to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for close monitoring. Subsequent laboratory workup and MRI brain lead to the diagnosis of hemorrhagic encephalitis secondary to Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) infection.

Keywords
Encephalitis Hemorrhagic encephalitis Herpes simplex virus.

How to Cite This Article

Nazia S, Subhan A, Bhatti F, Madhwani N, Mumtaz F. Hemorrhagic Encephalitis In A Young Female with Sudden Onset of Fever and Seizures. J Pak Soc Intern Med. 2025;6(2):191–193. doi:10.70302/jpsim.v6i2.2536

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Conflict of Interest

All authors declare no competing interests.

Disclosed in accordance with ICMJE and COPE guidelines.

Funding

No specific funding was received for this research.

Funder information follows the Crossref Funder Registry standard.

References

  1. Garg RK, Paliwal VK. Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in herpes simplex encephalitis. J Neurol Sci. 2010;290(1-2):123-6.
  2. Dörr J, Nelles M, Bitsch A, Wegner C, Dichgans J, Hohlfeld R, et al. Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (Hurst's disease) following herpes simplex virus encephalitis. J Neurol. 2008;255(11):1756-8.
  3. Ellis MJ, Lin Y, Fong IW. Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis: A case report and review of the literature. Can J Neurol Sci. 2015;42(1):61-4.
  4. Müller M, Derfuss T, Khaw AV, Schwab S, Hohlfeld R, Meinl E. Severe acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (Hurst's disease) after herpes simplex virus encephalitis. J Neurol. 2011;258(3):459-60.
  5. Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhang B, Chen W, Zhao J. Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis following herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(17):e0547.

Reference list indexed for Google Scholar and ResearchGate. DOI links resolve via doi.org.

CC BY CC BY 4.0 This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. May be shared and adapted with attribution. © 2025 Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine.
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