Original Research

Impact of Hyponatremia in Patients with Hepatitis C Induced Liver Cirrhosis

Shahzad Latif
Akhtar Saeed Medical College, Lahore
Zaniab Akram
Akhtar Saeed Medical College, Lahore
Hafiza Qaria Bushra Saleem
Akhtar Saeed Medical College, Lahore
Atika Masood
Akhtar Saeed Medical College, Lahore
Atiqa Arshad
Akhtar Saeed Medical College, Lahore
Nishwa Anwar
Akhtar Saeed Medical College, Lahore

✉ Correspondence: Shahzad Latif Email: shahzadlatif@hotmail.com

DOI https://doi.org/10.70302/jpsim.v6i4.2561
Volume: 6, Issue 4 Pages: 331–335 Published: 21 Nov 2025
Received: 18 May 2025 Revised: 22 Aug 2025 Accepted: 10 Oct 2025 Published Online: 21 Nov 2025

Abstract

Objective

To assess the frequency of hyponatremia in admitted patients suffering from end stage liver disease because of hepatitis C infection in in Akhtar Saeed Trust Hospital, Lahore.

Methods

It was an observational, cross sectional based study which was undertaken at Department of medicine, gastroenterology chapter, Akhtar Saeed Trust Hospital, Lahore during June 2023 to June 2024. The patients admitted in medical ward of Akhtar Saeed Trust Hospital Lahore diagnosed with end stage liver disease because of hepatitis C were monitored for their serum sodium levels. The respondents were divided into three different classes on basis of their serum sodium level in order to assess the impact of negative imbalance of sodium on the declining health of liver cirrhosis patients.

Results

Hepatitis C, leading cause of liver cirrhosis in Pakistan and electrolytes imbalance mainly serum sodium level (Hyponatremia) is major causes of decompensation like Hepatic encephalopathy, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, Hepatorenal syndrome, Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis amongst patients having liver cirrhosis. It was found that hyponatremia level ≤130meq/L was found in 35.3% patients however, 41.3 % of the patient’s serum sodium level was between 130.50 to 134.50 meq/L, and 23.3 % patients had sodium levels >134.50 meq/L. Serum sodium level has a strong association with liver cirrhosis patients in contest of Child Pugh score classification. It was found that 03 patients were in CPS class A, 13 within CPS class B and 37 patients within CPS class C having (serum sodium level equal or less than 130 meq/L). In group B (serum sodium level 130.50 to 134.50 meq/L) 07 patients were in CPS-A, 30 and 25 were in CPS-B and CPS-C, respectively. While in group C (serum sodium level above 134.50 meq/L), 11 patients were found in CPS-A, 15 were in CPS-B and 9 patients were in CPS-C (p value < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Hyponatremia is very crucial in prognosis of Liver cirrhosis patient as it increases MELD score and CTP score. It is inversely proportional to mortality, thus lower level of sodium leads to increase chances of mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Keywords
Hyponatremia Liver cirrhosis Decompensated disease

How to Cite This Article

Latif S, Akram Z, Saleem HQB, Masood A, Arshad A, Anwar N. Impact of Hyponatremia in Patients with Hepatitis C Induced Liver Cirrhosis. J Pak Soc Intern Med. 2025;6(4):331–335. doi:10.70302/jpsim.v6i4.2561

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Conflict of Interest

All authors declare no competing interests.

Disclosed in accordance with ICMJE and COPE guidelines.

Funding

No specific funding was received for this research.

Funder information follows the Crossref Funder Registry standard.

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CC BY CC BY 4.0 This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. May be shared and adapted with attribution. © 2025 Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine.
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