Original Research

Frequency of Cutaneous Skin Manifestations Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Sadaf Yousaf1
Central Park Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
Muhammad Riaz2
Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore
Muhammad Irfan2
Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore
Naila Atif2
Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore
Qurat ul Ain Javaid2
Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore
Shiza Ghazal Javed2
Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore

✉ Correspondence: Sadaf Yousaf Email: drsadafyousaf@yahoo.com

DOI https://doi.org/10.70302/jpsim.v6i3.2543
Volume: 6, Issue 3 Pages: 233–238 Published: 23 Aug 2025
Received: 20 Feb 2025 Revised: 27 Feb 2025 Accepted: 14 Jul 2025 Published Online: 23 Aug 2025

Abstract

Objective

To identify various types of skin-mediated complications of diabetes mellitus and their frequency of presentations in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods

It was a cross-sectional study carried out at Arif Memorial Teaching Hospital, Lahore. During the study, 200 diabetic patients were enrolled. Patients were assessed in detail on the basis of history taking and detailed dermatological examination. Data was analyzed for frequency of different types of skin manifestations and their correlation with diabetic control (as evidenced by HbA1c and BSR charting of patients).

Results

Out of 200 patients, 122 had poor control as indicated by a high HbA1c of above 7% and 78 patients had a good control of blood sugar as seen by HbA1c value of less than or equal to 7%. Among these patients, 162 patients had infectious cutaneous complications (81%), 67 patients had vascular mediated cutaneous manifestations (33.5%) and 141 patients had mixed vascular and infectious complications (70.4%).

Conclusion

Study concluded that majority of patients with diabetes mellitus presented with infectious cutaneous complications, followed by, mixed (vascular and infectious) complications and the least common mode of presentation was vascular complications of skin.

Keywords
Frequency skin manifestation diabetes mellitus patients.

How to Cite This Article

Yousaf S, Riaz M, Irfan M, Atif N, Javaid QUA, Javed SG. Frequency of Cutaneous Skin Manifestations Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Survey. J Pak Soc Intern Med. 2025;6(3):233–238. doi:10.70302/jpsim.v6i3.2543

Conflict of Interest

All authors declare no competing interests.

Disclosed in accordance with ICMJE and COPE guidelines.

Funding

No specific funding was received for this research.

Funder information follows the Crossref Funder Registry standard.

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Reference list indexed for Google Scholar and ResearchGate. DOI links resolve via doi.org.

CC BY CC BY 4.0 This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. May be shared and adapted with attribution. © 2025 Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine.
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