Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hepatic Steatosis in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Real-World Experience From a Private Healthcare Facility of South Punjab, Pakistan
Abstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated demographic, clinical, and biochemical factors of hepatic steatosis (HS) in patients of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Outpatient Department of Medicine, Aleena Hospital, st th Bahawalpur, Pakistan from 1 January 2024 to 30 September 2024. Patients of either gender, aged 18 to 85 years, having T2DM, and willing to participate, were included. All patients underwent liver ultrasound, conducted by an experienced radiologist with experience of more than 20 years in hepatic imaging. HS grades were defined as S0 (normal liver), S1 (slight increase in echogenicity), S2 (clear increase with mild steatosis), and S3 (marked steatosis with poor visualization).Results
In a total of 303 patients, 184 (60.7%) were female. The mean age was 49.7±10.9 years, ranging between 18-85 years. The mean BMI was 27.9±5.6 kg/m2, while obesity was identified in 88 (29.0%) patients. The mean duration of T2DM was 7.20±5.44 years. Hypertension was present in 123 (40.6%) patients. Family history of DM was reported in 139 (45.9%) patients. HS staging S0, S1, S2, and S3 were diagnosed in 140 (46.2%), 114 (37.6%), 42 (13.9%), and 7 (2.3%) patients, respectively. The severity of HS was significantly associated with relatively shorter duration of T2DM (p=0.045). The prevalence of HS is very high in patients with T2DM. All T2DM patients should be assessed for hepatic complications for the timely identification and management.Conclusion
The prevalence of HS is very high in patients with T2DM. All T2DM patients should be assessed for hepatic complications for the timely identification and management.Keywords:
Body mass index, hepatic steatosis, hypertension, obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus.Published
2025/08/23
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