Common Variable Immunodeficiency Presenting as TuberculousMeningitis in a Young Asian Female- A Case Report

Authors

Abstract

Common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID) represent primary immune deficiencies that manifest with complications involving infections and inflammation, primarily due to deficiencies in antibody production and occasionally affecting cellular immunity. A 20-year-old woman presented with symptoms of persistent mild fever, headache, sudden sensitivity to light, and a confused mental state, without any history of seizures. Since infancy, she had experienced recurrent airway and gastrointestinal infections. On examination, she was vitally stable with a temperature of 100.4°F, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of 9, positive signs of meningeal irritation, and bilateral coarse crackles on chest auscultation. Laboratory findings and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis were suggestive of tuberculous meningitis, and anti-tuberculous treatment was initiated. Further workup was performed considering the patient's susceptibility to repeated infections, and she was diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency based on the Ameratunga criteria. Her condition markedly improved after the administration of parenteral immunoglobulin therapy. Delayed diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency, often due to diverse patient presentations, can have grave outcomes as in this case; therefore, a history of recurrent infections should never be overlooked until a definite cause is established.

Keywords:

Common Variable Immuodeficiency, CVID, Tuberculosis, Immunology, Meningitis

Published

2026/03/04

Issue

Vol. Volume 7-issue 1

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